Caffeine Caffeine is a naturally occurring stimulant that can be found in coffee, tea and chocolate.
Calcium Calcium is a mineral with many vital uses. It keeps bones and teeth strong, and helps blood to clot. It has also been found to aid in weight management. Calcium can be found in dairy products or in supplement form. If you're going to take a supplement, calcium hydroxyapatite, orotate and citrate are the most readily absorbed.
Calorie A calorie is a unit of energy. Specifically, it is the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one liter of water one degree Centigrade. 3,500 calories is the equivalent of once pound.
Calorie Balance Your calorie balance is the difference between the number of calories you ingest, and the number you burn. If the numbers are equal, your weight will remain steady. If the number of calories you ingest is larger than the number you burn, you'll gain weight. If the number you burn is larger than the number of calories you ingest, you will lose weight.
Calorie Expenditure The amount of calories you are burning, both while at rest or when exercising.
Calorie Restriction The lowest you can reduce your caloric intake and still acquire adequate levels of protein, essential fats and other vital nutrients.
Carbohydrate All carbs are made of sugar. Once ingested, all carbohydrates (whether simple or complex) are broken down into simple sugars so they can be absorbed by the body. The more carbs you eat at a time, the larger your blood sugar level will increase. This increase causes insulin levels to spike, triggering hunger and fat storage.
Calisthenics:
Exercises in cadence for the purpose of muscular development.
Circuit Training:
This is a routine of selected exercises or activities performed in sequence at individual stations as rapidly as possible.
Concentric Contraction:
This is a contraction in which the muscle shortens and works against gravity.
Conditioning Period:
The main exercise portions of a workout at a heart-rate intensity that is between 60 and 80 percent of the difference between resting and maximal heart rates. .
Cool Down:
The tapering-off period after completion of the main conditioning bout, including activities such as slow jogging, walking, and stretching the major muscle group
Carbohydrate Loading Increase consumption of carbohydrates in liquid or food form normally three days prior to an endurance type event.
Carbohydrate:Compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen used by the body as a fuel source. Two main groups are sugars and starch.
Cardiovascular Training Physical conditioning that strengthens heart and blood vessels, the result of which is an increase in the ability for your body muscles to utilize fuel more effectively resulting in a greater level of exercising.
Catabolism The breakdown of lean muscle mass, normally as a result of injury, immobilisation and poor dieting techniques.
Cellulose Indigestible fibre in foods.
Chelating Agents Soluble organic compounds that can fit certain metallic ions into their molecular structure.
Cholesterol A fat lipid which has both good and bad implications within the human body. Good being known as HDL and bad being LDL. Bad cholesterol is associated with heart disease and stroke, whereas the body requires cholesterol for the production of many steroid hormones.
Chronic Disease A disease or illness that is associated with lifestyle or environment factors as opposed to infectious diseases (hypo kinetic diseases are considered to be chronic diseases).
Circuit Training Going quickly from one exercise apparatus to another and doing a prescribed number of exercises or time on each apparatus, keeps pulse rate high and promotes overall fitness, by generally working all muscle groups as well as heart and lungs.
Clean Lifting weight from floor to shoulder in one motion.
Clean and Jerk Olympic lift where weight is raised from floor to overhead in two movements.
Clean and Snatch One of two Olympic lifts where weight is raised from floor to overhead at arms length in one motion.
Coenzyme A substance that works with an enzyme to promote the enzyme's activity.
Complete Proteins Proteins that contain all the essential amino acids.
Compound Training Sometimes called "giant sets"; doing 3-4 exercises with the same muscle, one after the other, with minimal rest in between.
Concentric Contraction An isotonic muscle contraction, where a muscle contracts or shortens.
Congestive Heart Failure The inability of the heart muscle to pump the blood at a life sustaining rate.
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Diseases of the heart muscle and the blood vessels that supply it with oxygen, high risk factor for a heart attack.
Coronary Occlusion The blocking of the coronary blood vessels.
Creatine Phosphate An inorganic phosphate molecule which binds with ADP and forms ADT. Produced naturally within the body, however creatine mono hydrate supplements have helped a number of athletes boost their performances.
Crunches - Abdominal exercises Sit-ups done on the floor with legs on bench, hands behind the neck.
Curl Bar Cambered bar designed for more comfortable grip and less forearm strain.
Cutting Up Reducing body fat and water retention to increase muscle definition.
